Progress and prospect of research on forest landscape model     

DAI Erfu  WU Zhuo  WANG Xiaofan  FU Hua  XI Weimin  PAN Tao 《地理学报》2015,25(1):113-128

The Forest Landscape Model (FLM) is an efficiency tool of quantified expression of forest ecosystem''s structure and function. This paper, on the basis of identifying FLM, according to the stage of development, summarizes the development characteristics of the model, which includes the theoretical foundation of mathematical model, FLM of stand-scale, primary development of spatial landscape model, rapid development of ecosystem process model as the priority, and developing period of structure and process driven by multi-factor. According to the characteristics of different FLMs, this paper classifies the existing FLM in terms of mechanism, property and application, and elaborates the identifications, advantages and disadvantages of different types of models. It summarizes and evaluates the main application fields of existing models from two aspects which are the changes of spatial pattern and ecological process. Eventually, this paper presents FLM''s challenges and directions of development in the future, including: (1) more prominent service on the practical strategy of forest management''s objectives; (2) construction of multi-modules and multi-plugin to satisfy landscape research demand in various conditions; (3) adoption of high resolution''s spatial-temporal data; (4) structural construction of multi-version module; (5) improving the spatial suitability of model application.  相似文献   

What’s in a name? Epistemic perspectives and Payments for Ecosystem Services policies in Nicaragua     

《Geoforum》2015

As Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) continues to gain attention as a policy tool for securing efficient and effective environmental governance, a rising tide of criticism warns of the potentially detrimental social–ecological consequences of nature commodification and ‘green neoliberalism’. These concerns are also expressed at international policy fora, where the market rhetoric has met with political resistance from countries belonging to the ‘Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America’ (ALBA). But despite this ideological opposition, some ALBA countries are increasingly integrating PES into their environmental policies. In this article we consider the reasons underlying this apparent contradiction and relate it to the notion of ‘epistemic circulation’. On the basis of a study on the evolution of PES-thinking in Nicaragua (an ALBA member) and a reassessment of the supposed ‘success’ of an influential pilot project, we shed light on the forces driving the adoption of particular PES modes and contextualise practical difficulties to endorsing more critical approaches to the tool. Instead of either ideologically rejecting PES as a neoliberal evil or embracing it uncritically as the new panacea, we argue that it is precisely through the socio-political processes surrounding environmental governance debates that the application of PES is shaped. In practice, it may either contribute to an imposed and dispossessing form of capitalism, or tend towards a more negotiated and socio-culturally embedded version of it. Only through its reconceptualisation based on political–cultural primacy rather than market-fetishism can PES achieve its true potential within a broader strategy towards improved environmental governance.  相似文献   

Protected geographical indications: Institutional roles in food systems governance and rural development     

《Geoforum》2015

This paper examines the importance of national-level institutional arrangements for promoting the EU’s Protected Geographic Indication scheme (PGI). Taking the example of Ireland, for which PGI designations remain comparatively low, it explores whether the approach to providing institutional supports to the PGI scheme is influenced by top-down technocratic governance structures that pertain to food safety and quality certification that encompass the broader operating environment for food production in Ireland. Although the regulation of food safety and quality certification are distinct remits to the administration of the PGI scheme, in the Irish context the same institutional bodies are involved in governance of both. Using a discourse analysis interpretative framework, this paper draws on interviews with Irish producer group members and institutional representatives to examine how governance of the PGI scheme reflects management perspectives and practices more in keeping with a regulatory environment for food safety and quality than with development of place-based food product links. It suggests that incentives to avail of the PGI scheme as a means of realising value-added for producers are not well established because they require the development of more subjective, context-dependent processes and practices linked to geographical place and place identity. These are not easily accommodated under current institutional arrangements that also incorporate food safety and quality remits because these are in turn strongly established through nationally and internationally recognised systems of regulation and benchmarking. The findings point to the benefits to be gained from a more layered governance structure for PGI; devolving operation of the scheme to relevant regional and local development organisations that possess the expertise and relevant local knowledge to (a) incentivise the formation of producer groups, and (b) prioritise mentoring and support for PGI concept development as a clearer reflection of bottom-up rural sustainability policy.  相似文献   

National policy and SMEs in technology transfer: the case of Israel     

Aliza Belman Inbal  Asaf Tzachor 《Climate Policy》2015,15(1):88-102

Increasing the rate of climate technology transfer is a critical concern. The international community facilitates the development and deployment of climate technologies for the needs of the South in two primary ways: first, through the use of multilateral frameworks for technology transfer and, second, through in-country capacity building for research, development, and deployment in developing countries. However, scant attention is given to whether national-level frameworks in industrialized countries can support technology transfer. This issue may be of particular relevance to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developed countries, due to their relative lack of experience in international markets. The barriers that prevent SMEs from developing and exporting more technologies to the South are identified, by using Israel as a case study. Although Israel is an important global source of climate technology innovation, it currently does not engage much with the developing world. Four principle barriers to greater involvement of OECD SMEs in technology transfer for climate mitigation in developing countries are: (1) lack of knowledge of market needs in developing economies, (2) lack of financial mechanisms to support R&D, (3) lack of opportunities for partnership building, and (4) lack of support for demonstration sites in developing countries.  相似文献   

莱芜市基础测绘现状及发展建议          下载免费PDF全文

亓月  赵玉华  焦翠芹 《山东国土资源》2015,31(2):60-62

莱芜地处山东省中部,区位优势明显,产业基础良好。经济发展战略的实施,迫切需要基础地理信息数据提供包括地理环境、生态体系以及战略布局等全方位的科学分析和辅助决策。该文分析了莱芜市基础测绘发展现状,找出了基础测绘工作中的差距,认为今后应建立完善稳定的基础测绘经费投入机制,加快成果的开发与应用。  相似文献   

黄河流域夜间灯光数据与社会经济发展指标的时空耦合关系研究     

张远生  曹智伟  韦蔚  胡洁 《测绘通报》2021,(10):20-27

本文通过对1992—2013年全国夜间灯光数据的校正和处理,获得全国及流域夜间灯光数据影像,进行经济空间聚合分析,以及与相关因子进行对比分析。研究结果表明：经济空间聚合高的区域分布在黄河河道附近,从黄河上游到下游,热力强度逐渐增强,并且以省会城市为核心区向外扩散,即呈现为在旧聚合点聚合度加剧的情况下,聚合区域有向周边分散的趋势;夜间灯光数据的变化趋势与GDP的变化趋势具有一定的相似性,并且与城镇化率、人口数量、第三产比例、人均公园绿地面积、流域发展指数（BDI）具有一定的相关性;流域9省（自治区）的夜间灯光数据整体变化趋势与全国灯光数据的变化趋势基本一致,呈稳定上升的趋势,但整体值均低于全国的夜间灯光数据,并且差距有所扩大,黄河流域高质量发展迫在眉睫。  相似文献   

建设黄河“智能大脑”服务流域生态保护和高质量发展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王家耀  秦奋  郭建忠 《测绘通报》2021,(10):1-8

本文首先介绍了黄河流域水文、地理景观和地貌特征,下游河道变迁和河口变迁历史及生态治理,流域历史水旱灾害等基本背景,分析了黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展面临的主要问题和具有的优势。然后重点论述黄河“智能大脑”如何服务流域保护和发展,提出黄河“智能大脑”三要素,即感知系统（天地一体智能感知网）、存储管理系统（资源池）和操作系统（时空大数据平台）;论述了流域一体化时空大数据中心的构成及其基本功能,时空大数据平台及其目标要求,分析并提出了基于网格集成与弹性云的混合式时空大数据平台技术体制和构建技术,提出采用“共用时空大数据平台+”应用概念模型及其具体应用模式。最后讨论了时空大数据平台服务黄河流域城市数字化、网络化和智能化,加强流域上中下游7大城市群的新型智慧城市建设,推动流域生态保护和社会经济发展,提出基于流域时空大数据平台构建服务保护和发展的综合科技信息咨询服务平台,支撑流域协同创新共同体构建,增强流域整体性和协同性发展。  相似文献   

夜间灯光遥感对城市发展类动能与相似性评估   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘冰洁  陈佐旗  余柏蒗  杨成术  邱炳文  涂越 《遥感学报》2021,25(5):1187-1200

评估城市发展水平与制定城市规划和城市发展政策息息相关。已有研究表明人口、国内生产总值(GDP)等统计数据和夜间灯光遥感数据能够用来衡量城市发展水平,但大多研究只关注城市发展总量,忽视了发展速度对城市发展的影响。因此,本文基于2012年—2019年Suomi NPP-VIIRS (Suomi National Polar-OrbitingPartnership-Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)夜间灯光遥感数据,提出了兼顾城市发展水平和增速的夜间灯光类动能指数用于测度城市发展类动能;利用动态时间规整DTW (Dynamic Time Warping)算法构建了城市发展类动能相似性检测分析框架,并基于相似性检测结果对全国328个城市进行了等级划分。相较于2019年第一财经公布的一至五线城市,本文城市等级划分结果表明,在同一等级中的城市发展更为相似和合理,也证明了城市发展类动能更有利于城市发展水平的评估;以长江三角洲城市群为例,进一步验证了城市发展类动能和基于DTW相似性检测方法用于评估城市群发展情况与合理性的潜力。综上所述,基于夜间灯光遥感的城市发展类动能估算与相似性分析方法能够较好地评估城市发展水平,为城市分级与城市群发展评估提供科学依据。  相似文献   

刍议《重庆历史地图集》第二卷的编制     

熊明  杨茂中  成昆凤  刘殊 《测绘地理信息》2021,46(1):123-126

以《重庆历史地图集》第二卷编制的具体情况为例,对图集的开本设计、内容结构设计、封面和版式设计、整体设计、创新源,以及图集编制取得的经验进行了论述,为以后类似图集的编制提供参考。  相似文献   

基于ArcGIS与Python的气候评价工具箱的实现与应用     

张利君 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(4):120-124

在研究和梳理气候评价技术方法和路线的基础上,利用ArcGIS与Python语言二次开发了一套气候评价工具箱,并以榆林市为例对该工具箱的实用性进行了验证。结果显示,该工具箱能够快速准确地辅助规划人员进行气候评价工作,大大提高了国土空间规划"双评价"的工作效率。  相似文献